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Prazosin appears helpful in reducing nightmares ( 6 Treatment references Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disabling disorder that develops after exposure to a traumatic event. It is characterized by intrusive thoughts, nightmares, and flashbacks avoidance. read more may reduce anxiety and/or depression ( 5 Treatment references Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disabling disorder that develops after exposure to a traumatic event. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Several drug classes and drugs can be used to treat depression: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Serotonin modulators (5-HT2 blockers) Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. read more, and/or substance use disorder Substance Use Disorders Substance use disorders involve a pathologic pattern of behaviors in which patients continue to use a substance despite experiencing significant problems related to its use. read more, anxiety disorder Overview of Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorders are characterized by persistent and excessive fear and anxiety and the dysfunctional behavioral changes a patient may use to mitigate these feelings. Diagnosis is often further complicated by the existence of a co-occurring depressive disorder Depressive Disorders Depressive disorders are characterized by sadness severe enough or persistent enough to interfere with function and often by decreased interest or pleasure in activities. The trauma can lead to a complex swirl of cognitive, affective, behavioral, and somatic symptoms. The trauma may not be obvious to the clinician, and the patient may not be motivated to discuss a difficult topic. The disturbance is not due to medication, substance use, or other illness.PTSD is often overlooked. Significant symptom-related distress or impairment of different areas of life, such as social or occupational. Persistence of symptoms in Criteria B, C, D, and E for more than one month. Feeling constantly “on guard” or like danger is lurking around every corner (hypervigilance).Trauma-related alterations in arousal and reactivity that began or worsened after the traumatic event, including two or more of the following:.Persistent inability to experience positive emotions, such as happiness, love, and joy.Ĭriterion E: Alterations in Arousal and Reactivity.Feeling alienated, detached, or estranged from others.Markedly diminished interest in activities that used to be enjoyable.Persistent negative emotions, including fear, horror, anger, guilt, or shame.Persistent distorted blame of self or others for causing the traumatic event or for the resulting consequences.Persistent, and often distorted negative beliefs and expectations about oneself or the world, such as “I am bad,” or “The world is completely dangerous.”.This is usually dissociative amnesia, not due to head injury, alcohol, or drugs. Inability to recall key features of the traumatic event.Negative alterations in cognition and mood that began or worsened after the traumatic event as evidenced by two or more of the following:2.Avoidance of trauma-related thoughts or feelings.Īvoidance of trauma-related external reminders, such as people, places, conversations, activities, objects, or situations.Ĭriterion D: Negative Alterations in Mood.Persistent effortful avoidance of distressing trauma-related reminders after the event as evidenced by one or both of the following:2.Marked physiological reactivity, such as increased heart rate, after exposure to traumatic reminders. Intense or prolonged distress after exposure to traumatic reminders.Children may re-enact the events in the play. These may occur on a continuum ranging from brief episodes to complete loss of consciousness. Dissociative reactions, such as flashbacks, in which it feels like the experience is happening again.Children may have frightening dreams without content related to the trauma.
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This could occur in the course of professional duties (first responders, collecting body parts, or professionals repeatedly exposed to details of child abuse). You had repeated indirect exposure to distressing details of the event(s).You learned of a close relative or close friend who experienced an actual or threatened accidental or violent death.You witnessed the event happen to someone else, in person.Exposure or threat of death, serious injury, or sexual violence in one or more of the following ways: